Divorce (TALAQ) in ISLAM

Bismillah-irRehman-irRaheem

Topic: Divorce

According to Shariya and Muslim laws.meaning and method

according to sec 298 of Muhammadan Jurisprudence the contract of marriage under the islamic law may be dissolved in any one of the following ways.

1. by the husband at his will, without the intervention of a Court

2.by mutual consent of the husband and wife, without the intervention of a COurt

3.by a judicial decree at the suit of the husband or wife.

The wife cannot divorce herself from her husband without his consent, except under a contract whether made before or after marriage (S.305) but she may, in some cases, obtain a divorce by judicial decree (Subsec.319-325-334)

When the divorce is proceeds from the husband,it is called “talak” (Ss.299-306) when it is effected by the mutual consent ,it is called “Khula” (S.310) or “Mu-bara’at” (S.311).according to the terms of the contract between the parties.

299.Divorcely talak: Any  Muslim of sound mind, who has attained puberty, may divorce his wife whenever he desires without assigning any cause. 

300.Contingent Divorce:

A divorce may be pronounced so as to take effect on the happening of a future event.

although contingent divorce is not recognized by shia law.

301.talak may be oral or in writing (hanafi law)

a divorce must be pronounced orally in the presence of competent witnesses and a talak communicated in writing is not valid unless husband is incapable of pronouncing it orally (Shia law)

Now according to Shariya law:

Different Modes of Talak:

1. talaq e ahsan;

       this consists of three pronouncements made during successive tuhrs, no intercourse taking place during any of the three “tuhrs”

2.talaq ul bidaat or talak -i- badai:

                                              (i) three pronouncements made during single Tuhr either in once sentence e.g i divorce thee thrice” or in separate e.g”i divorce thee, i divorce thee.i divorce thee”  or

(ii) a single pronouncement made during a tuhr clearly indicating an intention irrevocable to dissolve the marriage e.g ” i divorce thee irrevocably”.

The Hanafi Law recognize two kinds of talak namely 1.talak -us- sunnat .that is talak according to the rules laid down in the sunnat (traditions) of the Prophet (peace be upon him).and (2) Talak-ul-bidaat that is new or irregular talak—-talak ul bidaat was introduced by the Ommeyyade monarchs in the second century of the Muslim’s era.

Talak-ul-sunnat is of two kinds 1.talak e  ahsan and 2 talak hasan.

1 is most proper way. and hasan is proper way only.

the talak e bidaat or heretical divorce is good in law,though bad in theology.

now let me tell this in urdu for all to further they know talaq and its shariya view .

Miyan bewi k azdawaji taa’luqat ko ayinda ki zindagi main torne ka naam talaq hai.kionkeh talaq ka matlab kholna aur torna hai.lihaza bandhan ki girha kholden ya rishta tor dena is maani main liya jata hai.agar miyan bewi main khudanakhuwasta aise halat paida ho jain jin se nibha karna mushkil ho to is surat main aurat se alehedgi ka ahsan tareeqa talaq he hai.

Islam ne talaq ko acha fayl hargiz qarar nahi diya balke bohat bura fayl kaha hai .Allah tal’a ne is bare main irshad farmaya hai.

Translation:
“AL TALAQU  MARRA’TANY.FAIMSAAKUN BEMAROOFIn AVoTASREEHUN BEYEHSAAN” Yaani

“Talaq 2 martaba hai phir yaa to ache tareeqe se rokna hai yaa ehsan k sath chor dena “

(Surah al Baqarah ;229 Holy QURAN)

is se malom hova k agar isi surat main nibhana mumkin na ho to miya bewi ko nikah torne ka haq hai magar talaq dene se pehle talaq k nataij par bare tahamul se ghour karna chahiye kionkeh talaq de dena to bohat asaan hai magar iske asaraat se dochaar hona sub se bara sabar aazma kaam hai.Hazoor alyhisalam ne isko acha kaam qarar nahi diya.aur iski wazahat main chand ahadith hasb e zeel hain.

Hadith;1; Hazrat muaaz bin jabal (ra) ka bayan hai keh Rasool e kareem alyhisalatowatasleem  ne mujh se farmaya “Ay muaaz! Allah taala ne ruu-ay zameen par koi aisi cheez paida nahi ki jo use ghulam azad karne se piyari ho,aur koi cheez ruu-ay zameen par Allah t’aala ne aisi paida nahi ki  jo Usay Talaq se ziyada naa-pasandeda ho” (Dar-Qitni)

Hadith 2:Hazrat e IBN E UMAR (RA) se rivayat hai keh AP (Sal-ALLAHo-ALyhi-Wasalam) ne farmaya “Allah ta’ala ko halal cheezon main talaq sub se ziyada naa-pasand hai”.(Abu Davood)

Hadith 3:Hazrat Abu Hurraira se rivayat hai keh Ap SallAllahoalyhiwasalam ne farmaya “3 cheezen aisi hain jin ka qasad bhi qasad hai aur mazaq bhi qasad hai. wo Nikah , Talaq aur Rij’at hain” (Tirmidhi – abu dawood)

Hadith 4: Hazrat Imam Maalik (ra) ko ye baat pohanchi keh aik admi ne Hazrat Abdullah ibn e abbas (RA) se kaha keh mene apni bewi ko 100 talaqen deeen.AP ka mere mutaliq kya hukam hai? Hazrat e IBN e Abbas (ra) ne farmaya 3 talaqon k sath wo tumse juda ho gayi aur satanvay 97 k sath tum ne Allah ki ayaton ka mazaq uraya” (Mou’ta imam Maalik (RA) )

Hadith 5: Hazrat Abdullah ibn e umar (Ra) se rivayat hai keh unho ne apni bewi ko “Hayz” ki halat main talaq daydi.Hazrat e Umar (ra) ne Rasool Allah alyhisalam se zikar kiya to Rasool e kareen alyhisalato watasleem is baat se naraz hovay aur farmaya “keh is se rujju kare (rijat) phir paak hone tak usay apne paas rakhy .phir hayz aay aur paak ho jai ab agar talaq ka irada hai to hath lagane se pehle paaki ki halat main talaq de. ye wo iddat hai jiska Aurton  ko talaq dene k bare main Allah ta’ala ne hukam farmaya hai.Doosri rivayat main hai k is se rujju kare aur paaki ya hamal ki halat main talaq de (Bukhari Shareef)

Hadith 6: Hazrat Thwban (SOBAN) (RA) se rivayat hai k Rasool ALLAH alyhisalam ne farmaya ” JO  aurat bagher kisi waja keh  apne khawand se talaq ka sawal  kare to us par jannat ki khushbu bhi haram hai” (IBN e MAAJAH)

Hadith 7: Hazrat e ALi (Ra) se rivayat hai keh Nabi e kareem alyhisalam ne farmaya “Nahi hai talaq nikaah se pehle aur nahi hai azaad karna magar malkiyat k baad aur nahi hai  Rouzon ka milalena aur nahi hai yateemi ihtalam k baad aur nahi hai rizaa’at doodh churane k baad aur nahi hai din ki khamoshi raat tak (Shar’ah Al Sunnah)

Hadith 8: Hazrat Rakana bin abadyazid (ra) se rivayat hai keh unho ne apni bewi hazrat e Saheema (ra-a) ko talaq e bitta di-pas Nabi alyhisalam ko uski khabar dety hove arz guzaar hove k mera irada sirf 1 talaq  ka tha. to Rasool ALlah alyhisalam ne wo unki taraf lauta dee.chunanche dosri talaq unho ne Hazrat e Umar (Ra) k aur teesri Hazrat e Usman (Ra) k zamane main dee (Abu dawud)

Talaq e Baain va Rijjee

Kisi aurat ko talaq dene k 2 tareeqe hain (1) ko bain  aur dusre(2) ko “Rijaee” طلاق ء بائن اور رجعی kaha jata hai .

Bain ka tareeqa ye hai keh yakdam aurat ko 3 talaq de kar farigh kar dia is talaq k baad miyan bewi ka koi taluq na rahega balke talaq par taaluq fori tor par khatam ho jaiga.

ye tareeqa acha tasavur nahi kiya jata. iske ilawa jo doosra tareeqa hai uska kuch youn hai keh aurat jubkeh haiz ki halat main naa ho (jisko TUHR) kaha jata hai,usey aik talaq di jai.agar aurat haiz ki halat main hai to uske paak hone tak ka intizar kiya jai aur dosri tuhr main 2sree talaq di jai.is surat main mard ko ye haq hasil hai keh iddat guzarne se pehle jub chahy “rujju” kar le lekin teesre tuhr main talaq dene k baad mard ko ye haq hasil nahi rehta aur talaq mukamal ho jaigi.isko reejaee talaq kehty hain.

Islam main Shariya k nuqta e nazar se talaq dena jaiz hai magar bewaja ghuse k sabab ya kisi sharaee subab k talaq dena mamnu un valid hai. aur waja agar shara’ee ho to mubah hai balke baaz suraton main mustahib hai misal k tor par shohar namard ho  y aaurat shohar ko ya auron ko aziyat deti ho ya namaz nahi parhti ho ya ehkam e deen se munkar ho.

is k ilawa bohat c tafseel hai shariya main mukhtalif masail ki munasibat se i will not write all of that. ye bunyadi baten thi jo mene likh deen.

Magar

Sub se bari baat ye hai k talaq ki nobat he kion ati hai to uske reasons main pehla reason bilashubha ye hai k mohabat main shak ajata hai aik dosre se ikhtilaf paida ho jata hai ye ikhtilaaf kai baar yaa to meaningful reason k liye hota hai ya sirf shaytan mardood ki shetaniyon k subab.

Mene parha tha kahin keh jub shetanparaston ko Jerusalem main khufia jadu ka ilm mila tha to us main sub se bara jadu miyan bewi k darmiyan naa-chaaqi daalna tha. mujhe bari hayrat hovi k pani par chalna ya jadeed scientific cheezen ayjaad karna itna bara jadu nahi samjha jata k jitna bara jaadu miyan bewi main judai dalna hai.

isliye agar hum apne aap ko shariya k mutabiq chalenge . shariya k mutabiq apne liye shohar ya bewi ka intikhaab karenge shariya k mutabiq apne life style ko develop karenge to mera nahi khayal k kabhi talaq ki nobat aayegi bhi  kionkeh baharHaal Allah k nazdeek halal kaamo main sub se naa-pasandeda kaam talaq hai.

isliye behtar hai k gari k dono pahiyey apni apni zimadari samajh kar aik dosre ka sath dety rahy aur apni gaari yani zindagi ko uswa e hassana par chalaty rahen to Allah na sirf maal o dolat balke aulad aur azdawaji zindagi main bhi barkat dalta hai.

isliye Halal ka rizq aur Sachi Mohabat Allah aur uske Habeeb alyhisalam k liye insan ko is qisam k halal magar burey kamo se rok sakti hai.

Allah humsub ki zindagi main khushiyan laay aur mustaqbil mian rules of shariya par amal karne ki dono sinfon ko yani mard aur aurat ko tofeeq ata farmayen. amin baja unNabi aamin

Jazak-Allaho Khayra

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